Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued a Regulatory Determination on Wastes from the Combustion of Fossil Fuels. On May 22, 2000, as required by Congress in its 1980 Amendments to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), the U.S. HAPs control cost estimates range from a low of $5 billion to a high of slightly greater than the $30 billion already spent on all existing air pollution controls emplaced in the US to date. The quantified health effects caused by HAPs are currently under investigation and have been attributed to the type of coal (bituminous or subbituminous) burned, and the location of the power plant. The estimated cost to the US electric utility system to control and reduce HAPs varies widely depending upon the level of control needed and the specific form of HAPs emitted.
This report has a Septemdeadline for presentation to Congress and it is expected that Congress will then authorize a HAPs control compliance plan to be enforced by January 1, 2004, more than 30 years after Congress passed the first Clean Air Act.
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At this time, the US EPA is still preparing a consensus report for HAPs, which includes mercury emissions, and how to control these emissions from coal-fired power plants. Finally, preliminary guidelines are given for electric utility managers on how to estimate flood levels and/or respond to the flood levels already determined under the FIA program, and how to respond to the EPA flood level =, and particulate emissions at a capital cost of billions of dollars, with at least $5 billion per year attributed to operational costs. Major issues and concerns regarding the use of FIA maps/methods for enforcement of solid waste regulations are pointed out. This report also presents a review and assessment of the Federal Insurance Administration (FIA) methods of flood mapping, which are to be used to enforce the EPA solid waste regulations. The report includes a computer listing of the plant-by-plant survey results. The survey shows that a majority of the coal-fired plants are located in or near a restricted floodplain. It includes a survey of the locations of present and future coal-fired plants with respect to riverine and coastal floodplains. This report presents a survey of the potential impacts to the electric utility industry of EPA regulations which restrict the disposal of solid wastes in floodplains.
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